Wafer-Scale Lateral Self-Assembly of Mosaic Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i> MXene Monolayer Films

Bottom-up assembly of two-dimensional (2D) materials into macroscale morphologies with emergent properties requires control the material surroundings, so that energetically favorable conditions direct process. MXenes, a class recently developed 2D materials, have found new applications in areas such as electrochemical energy storage, nanoscale electronics, sensors, and biosensors. In this paper, we present lateral self-assembly method for wafer-scale deposition mosaic-type MXene flake monolayer spontaneously orders at interface between two immiscible solvents. ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations elucidate interactions solvents its stability liquid/liquid interface, prerequisite flakes interface. Moreover, facile transfer onto flat substrate (Si, glass) results high-coverage films uniform thickness homogeneous optical properties. Multiscale characterization resulting reveals mosaic structure sheds light on electronic films, which exhibit good electrical conductivity over cm-scale areas.